Basic Math Symbols – Geometry, Algebra, Greek, Logic, Number

Here you will get a list of basic math symbols. Also, you can find specific mathematical symbols with their sign, and meaning.

We have divided the tables into 7 subparts. So, you can find your symbol easily.

1. Basic Math Symbols
2. Algebra Symbols
3. Linear Algebra Symbols
4. Logic Symbols
5. Number Symbols
6. Greek Alphabet Symbols
7. Roman Numerals

So, let’s start.

Basic Math Symbols

Symbol	Name	Meaning
=	equals sign	equality
≠	not equal sign	inequality
≈	approximately equal	approximation
>	strict inequality	greater than
<	strict inequality	less than
≥	inequality	greater than or equal to
≤	inequality	less than or equal to
( )	parentheses	calculate expression inside first
[ ]	brackets	calculate expression inside first
+	plus sign	addition
−	minus sign	subtraction
±	plus – minus	both plus and minus operations
±	minus – plus	both minus and plus operations
*	asterisk	multiplication
×	times sign	multiplication
⋅	multiplication dot	multiplication
÷	division sign / obelus	division
/	division slash	division
—	horizontal line	division / fraction
mod	modulo	remainder calculation
.	period	decimal point, decimal separator
ab	power	exponent
a^b	caret	exponent
√a	square root	√a ⋅ √a  = a
3√a	cube root	3√a ⋅ 3√a  ⋅ 3√a  = a
4√a	fourth root	4√a ⋅ 4√a  ⋅ 4√a  ⋅ 4√a  = a
n√a	n-th root (radical)
%	percent	1% = 1/100
‰	per-mille	1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%
ppm	per-million	1ppm = 1/1000000
ppb	per-billion	1ppb = 1/1000000000
ppt	per-trillion	1ppt = 10-12

Algebra Symbols

Symbol	Name	Meaning
x	x variable	unknown value to find
≡	equivalence	identical to
≜	equal by definition	equal by definition
:=	equal by definition	equal by definition
~	approximately equal	weak approximation
≈	approximately equal	approximation
∝	proportional to	proportional to
∞	lemniscate	infinity symbol
≪	much less than	much less than
≫	much greater than	much greater than
( )	parentheses	calculate expression inside first
[ ]	brackets	calculate expression inside first
{ }	braces	set
⌊x⌋	floor brackets	rounds number to lower integer
⌈x⌉	ceiling brackets	rounds number to upper integer
x!	exclamation mark	factorial
| x |	vertical bars	absolute value
f (x)	function of x	maps values of x to f(x)
(f ∘ g)	function composition	(f ∘ g) (x) = f (g(x))
(a,b)	open interval	(a,b) = {x | a < x < b}
[a,b]	closed interval	[a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b}
∆	delta	change / difference
∆	discriminant	Δ = b2 – 4ac
∑	sigma	summation – sum of all values in range of series
∑∑	sigma	double summation
∏	capital pi	product – product of all values in range of series
e	e constant / Euler’s number	e = 2.718281828…
γ	Euler-Mascheroni constant	γ = 0.5772156649…
φ	golden ratio	golden ratio constant
π	pi constant	π = 3.141592654… is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle

Linear Algebra Symbols

Symbol	Name	Meaning
·	dot	scalar product
×	cross	vector product
A⊗B	tensor product	tensor product of A and B
< x,y >	inner product
[ ]	brackets	matrix of numbers
( )	parentheses	matrix of numbers
| A |	determinant	determinant of matrix A
det(A)	determinant	determinant of matrix A
|| x ||	double vertical bars	norm
AT	transpose	matrix transpose
A†	Hermitian matrix	matrix conjugate transpose
A*	Hermitian matrix	matrix conjugate transpose
A-1	inverse matrix	A A-1 = I
rank(A)	matrix rank	rank of matrix A
dim(U)	dimension	dimension of matrix A

Logic symbols

Symbol	Name	Meaning
⋅	and	and
^	caret / circumflex	and
&	ampersand	and
+	plus	or
∨	reversed caret	or
|	vertical line	or
x‘	single quote	not – negation
x	bar	not – negation
¬	not	not – negation
!	exclamation mark	not – negation
⊕	circled plus / oplus	exclusive or – xor
~	tilde	negation
⇒	implies
⇔	equivalent	if and only if (iff)
↔	equivalent	if and only if (iff)
∀	for all
∃	there exists
∄	there does not exists
∴	therefore
∵	because / since

Numeral Symbols

Name	Western Arabic	Roman
zero	0
one	1	I
two	2	II
three	3	III
four	4	IV
five	5	V
six	6	VI
seven	7	VII
eight	8	VIII
nine	9	IX
ten	10	X
eleven	11	XI
twelve	12	XII
thirteen	13	XIII
fourteen	14	XIV
fifteen	15	XV
sixteen	16	XVI
seventeen	17	XVII
eighteen	18	XVIII
nineteen	19	XIX
twenty	20	XX
thirty	30	XXX
forty	40	XL
fifty	50	L
sixty	60	LX
seventy	70	LXX
eighty	80	LXXX
ninety	90	XC
one hundred	100	C

Greek Alphabet Symbols

Upper Case	Lower Case	Greek Letter
Α	α	Alpha
Β	β	Beta
Γ	γ	Gamma
Δ	δ	Delta
Ε	ε	Epsilon
Ζ	ζ	Zeta
Η	η	Eta
Θ	θ	Theta
Ι	ι	Iota
Κ	κ	Kappa
Λ	λ	Lambda
Μ	μ	Mu
Ν	ν	Nu
Ξ	ξ	Xi
Ο	ο	Omicron
Π	π	Pi
Ρ	ρ	Rho
Σ	σ	Sigma
Τ	τ	Tau
Υ	υ	Upsilon
Φ	φ	Phi
Χ	χ	Chi
Ψ	ψ	Psi
Ω	ω	Omega

Roman Numerals

Number	Roman Numeral
0	not defined
1	I
2	II
3	III
4	IV
5	V
6	VI
7	VII
8	VIII
9	IX
10	X
11	XI
12	XII
13	XIII
14	XIV
15	XV
16	XVI
17	XVII
18	XVIII
19	XIX
20	XX
30	XXX
40	XL
50	L
60	LX
70	LXX
80	LXXX
90	XC
100	C
200	CC
300	CCC
400	CD
500	D
600	DC
700	DCC
800	DCCC
900	CM
1000	M
5000	V
10000	X
50000	L
100000	C
500000	D
1000000	M

Above all are the math symbols with their values and their names. Please share it if you like it.